(3) History of the Regent Diamond

In 1772, at the coronation of Louis XV, the Regent Diamond was set in his crown. The queen, Leszczyńska, also frequently wore this diamond. In 1792, the Regent Diamond, along with other jewels of the French royal family, including the Mirror of Portugal diamond, the Sancy diamond, and others, was stolen; after more than a year, the Regent Diamond was found in a crack in the attic of a timber-framed house in Paris. Thus, the diamond returned to the French royal treasure. The Regent Diamond is a beautiful, high-quality diamond.

In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte proclaimed himself First Consul, and the French crown jewels were used as collateral for various fundraisings. Officers in Napoleon’s army personally pawned many diamonds, including the Regent Diamond and the famous Sancy Diamond, obtaining the necessary loans from Berlin and Madrid, respectively.

The armies led by Napoleon conquered Italy and brought back large quantities of precious metals and gemstones, and France’s treasure trove began to grow again. Napoleon also redeemed most of the diamonds that had been pawned or mortgaged, including the RégentRégent Diamond; he set this diamond into the guard of a sword, alongside two diamonds of about 16.5 ct each. In 1804, after Napoleon declared himself Emperor, he wore a crown once worn by the Virgin Mary and carried a sceptre set with the RégentRégent Diamond at his coronation.

After a series of wars, Napoleon controlled much of Europe. He divorced Josephine and married Marie Louise. For their wedding, France purchased a large amount of jewellery. Afterwards, the sword bearing the Regent Diamond was dismantled and the diamond was mounted on a newly made sword, surrounded by rose-cut diamonds and other stones. Napoleon rebuilt a considerably rich jewellery collection for France, which, after the accession of Louis XVIII, once again became known as the French crown jewels. At the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was defeated, and subsequently, Charles X set the Regent Diamond into the crown.

Thereafter, the French crown jewels remained relatively undisturbed for a time. In 1848, the French Second Republic was established, but the royal jewels were not destroyed. When Napoleon III married Eugénie, France’s jewellery collection was quite abundant; the royal jewellers Messrs Bapst designed a new crown for Empress Eugénie, which was set with the Regent Diamond.

After the establishment of the French Third Republic, at the end of 1886, on the proposal of Benjamin Raspail, a decision was made to entrust jewels of historical, scientific, and artistic value respectively to the Natural History Museum, the School of Mines, and the Louvre, and to sell the remainder by public auction. This decision was disastrous for the long-standing French royal jewels; besides economic reasons, there were perhaps political motives as well — namely, to eradicate the power and symbols of the French Empire.

From May 12 to 23, 1883, the French royal jewellery was publicly auctioned, jewellers from around the world competing to bid. A total of 54,403 brilliant-cut diamonds, 21,119 rose-cut diamonds, 2,963 pearls, 507 rubies, 312 emeralds and 136 sapphires were sold, most of which were acquired by Tiffany of New York; fortunately, the Regent Prince’s diamonds—because of their high historical value—were not included on the auction list.

During World War II, the German army occupied France. Before the fall of Paris in 1940, the French government hid the Regent Diamond behind an inconspicuous panel in the Château de Chambord on the banks of the Loire. Reichsmarschall Göring threatened by force, demanding the diamond, but did not succeed. In 1945, the Regent Diamond returned to the Apollo Gallery of the Louvre. In January 1962, at the centennial exhibition of French jewellery held at the Louvre, the Regent Diamond was displayed together with the Sancy Diamond and the Hope Diamond — their first “reunion” since they were stolen from the French crown jewels in 1792.